《Spring实战》读书笔记--SpringMVC之forward与redirect

forward与redirect介绍

redirect

重定向,服务器收到请求后发送一个状态码给客户端,让客户端再重新请求,并且第一次请求中Request里的数据消失。所以redirect相当于客户端向服务器发出两次请求,第一次请求的数据不会转发给第二次请求,URL地址会变化两次。

forward

转发(前往),服务器内部的重定向,在Servlet中通过RequestDispatcher转发给另一个程序处理请求,请求的数据依然在。所以forward相当于客户端向服务器发送一次请求,服务器处理两次,请求数据不会消失且URL地址只变化一次。

Servlet与SpringMVC中的forward与redirect

Servlet中的forward与redirect

Servlet中的HttpServletResponse类中有sendRedirect(String location)方法直接重定向到URL为location的地址。

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@WebServlet(name="deleteOneServlet",urlPatterns="/deleteOne.action")
public class DeleteOneServlet extends HttpServlet{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private ContentService contentService = new ContentService();
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)throws ServletException, IOException {
// 从页面中获取数据
String id = req.getParameter("id");
// 调用Servive执行业务逻辑
contentService.deleteOne(id);
// 重定向
resp.sendRedirect("/list.action");
}
}

Servlet可以通过HttpServletRequest类的getRequestDispatcher(String path)获得RequestDispatcher对象,该通过该对象的forward(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)方法转发请求与相应给任何资源(如Servlet、HTML file、JSP file)。RequestDispatcher类的API如下:

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package javax.servlet;
public interface RequestDispatcher{
public void forward(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException;
public void include(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException;
}
API上的介绍:
Defines an object that receives requests from the client and sends them to any resource (such as a servlet, HTML file, or JSP file) on the server.
The servlet container creates the RequestDispatcher object, which is used as a wrapper around a server resource located at a particular path or given by a particular name.

This interface is intended to wrap servlets, but a servlet container can create RequestDispatcher objects to wrap any type of resource.

使用

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@WebServlet(name="query",urlPatterns="/query.action")
public class QueryServlet extends HttpServlet{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private ContentService contentService = new ContentService();
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 从页面获取参数
String command = req.getParameter("command");
String description = req.getParameter("description");
// 调用Service处理业务逻辑
List<Message> messages = contentService.query(command, description);
// 向页面传递值
req.setAttribute("messages", messages);
req.setAttribute("command", command);
req.setAttribute("description", description);
// 转发到视图中
req.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/back/list.jsp").forward(req, resp);
}
}

SpringMVC中的Servlet

SpringMVC是基于Servlet的Web MVC框架,所以forward与redirect的处理结果一样,方式更为简单。SpringMVC中的InternalResourceViewResolver视图解析器会识别redirect与forward关键字,然后处理。

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@Controller
@RequestMapping(value="/springMVC")
public class UserController {
@RequestMapping(value="/login")
public String login() {
return "login";
}

@RequestMapping(value="/upload", method=RequestMethod.POST)
public String fileUpload(@RequestPart(value="file") MultipartFile multipartFile) throws Exception{
String path = "E:/java/fileupload/" + multipartFile.getOriginalFilename();
multipartFile.transferTo(new File(path));
// 重定向
return "redirect:/springMVC/index";
// 转发
return "foward:/springMVC/index";
}
}

SpringMVC重定向传递数据

从上面我们可以看出redirect不能传递数据,但我们可以使用其它方案传递数据。主要有:

  • 通过URL模板以路径变量或查询参数形式传递数据
  • 通过flash属性传递数据

通过URL模板进行重定向

方式如下:

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@Controller
@RequestMapping(value="/springMVC")
public class UserController {
@RequestMapping(value="/index/{name}",method=RequestMethod.GET)
public String index(@PathVariable(value="name") String name,
@RequestParam(value="id") int id) {
System.out.println(name + id);
return "login";
}

@RequestMapping(value="/data/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET)
public String data(@PathVariable(value="id") int id, Model model) {
model.addAttribute("id", id);
model.addAttribute("name", "Tom");
return "redirect:/springMVC/index/{name}";
}
}

使用模板方式时,若使用了占位符则变为路径参数,否则变为请求变量。所以以上重定向URL路径变为”/springMVC/index/Tom?id=5”。
该方法简单有效,但传递数据值简单,若数据复杂则可使用下面的方式传递数据

使用flash属性

Spring提供了RedirectAttributes设置flash属性的方法重定向传递参数。
原理:在重定向执行之前,所有的flash属性会复制到session中。在重定向后,放在Session中的flash属性会被取出,放到Model中。注:RedirectAttributes类继承自Model类。方式如下:

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@Controller
@RequestMapping(value="/springMVC")
public class UserController {
@RequestMapping(value="/index",method=RequestMethod.GET)
public String index(User user) {
System.out.println(user);
return "login";
}

@RequestMapping(value="/data/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET)
public String data(@PathVariable(value="id") int id, RedirectAttributes model) {
User user = new User(id,"Tom");
model.addFlashAttribute("user", user);
return "redirect:/springMVC/index";
}
}

References

http://blog.csdn.net/tenor/article/details/4077079